New Swaim/den Hartog Most Recent Haplogroup

Recently a man took FTDNA's Big Y-700 DNA test and FTDNA and FTDNA ddetermined that he and I share a haplogroup that is now the most recently known haplogroup that the Swaims and den Hartogs/Hertogs belong to, along with this other mn. The new haplogorup is E-FT388527.

Every man has various Y-chromosome SNPs that are considered “private” or “novel” SNPs because at the time of testing he was the only man known to have those SNPs. Below is my YFull Nove SNP page showing my 17 “Best quality” novel SNPs (I have other SNPs that are “lower quality”, which doesn't mean they are inferior in themselves, but that they were more difficult to read with today's technology).

When another man is tested who has a SNP that matches another man's novel SNP, that SNP is no longer considered a novel SNP and because a new branch in the trees of both men because both men had inherited that mutation from a common ancestor.

Because the other man did not send his FTDNA test results to YFull for analysis, YFull doesn't know that this novel SNP of mine is no longer novel, and thus is still shows on this list.

The SNP that I (and all the Swaims and den Hartogs/Hertogs) share with this man is the 6^th SNP from the top on this list, 9556232, which is also called E-FT388527. The “FT” is the code for “Family Tree DNA”, meaning that this is the person or organization that first discovered the SNP, which occurred when I took the Big Y-700 test in 2020.

I don't know the name of the man who we now know is a match to the Swaim and Den Hartog/Hertog lines in haplogroup E-FT388527. He is still too distantly related for FTDNA to consider him a match, but he is nonetheless still a match.

The Swaim/den Hartot haplogroup, starting with E-V13, is as follows:

E-V13 6950 BC

E-CTS8814 3150 BC

E-CTS5856 2950 BC

E-BY4877 2400 BC

E-BY3880 2300 BC

E-FTT49 2250 BC

E-Z5018 2100 BC

E-S2979 1750 BC

E-FGC11457 1650 BC

E-FGC11451 1500 BC

E-FGC11450 1050 BC

E-FT389281 950 BC

E-FT388654 800 BC

E-FT388527 1 BC

The dates in the second column are FTDNA's estimated formation dates for the haplogroups. Thus, FT388527 was formed around 1 BC. This is a much more recent formation date than for E-FG389281, which the Swaim/den Hartog line shares with the man whose ancestor was Giacomo Prati from northern Italy. E-FT38854, which I share with an unkown man from an unknown country, is slightly more recent but not as recent as the new match.

I don't know the name or the country of birth of the new match, but in the FTDNA E-V13 Project he says that his ealiest known paternal ancestor was Michal Solc from the Czech Republic born around 1560 AD. Below is the page showing this, and also showing other relatively closely-related matches.

Below is a page from FTDNA showing the the dates of the three most recent haplogroups with the countries of the men who tested their DNA.

Screensh

This graphic also shows the general dates of the common ancestors of the living men who took the test. Thus, the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of the Italian and me lived around 800 BC, the MRCA of the unkown man in haplogroups E-FT38854 and me (and thus all Swaims and den Hartogs/Hertogs) is around 1 BC, and the common ancestor of th Czech and me is 450 AD.

The date of 450 AD is particularly interesting because this was the with the time range (433-467 AD) of the first known anceint man in the E-FGC11450 haplogroup, “Fonyod 9” (FVD009). Fonyod 9 died as an infant and thus was likel born in the area of what is now the town of Fonyod, Hungary, which then had been called Pannonia (essentially Hungary west of the Danube).

The community in which Fonyod 9 had lived his short life was located on the south shore of Lake Balaton, a region which is known at that time to have been occupied by the Ostrogoths who were then vassals of the Huns and who had migrated with the Huns from the north Pontic region (north of the Black Sea) into Hungary, which the Romans had ceded to the Huns in 433 AD. The Huns had ruled the Pontic Steppe until 370 AD when the Huns conquered the Goths; the group of Goths and other peoples from the region who were later known as Visigoths had fled to the safety of the Roman Empire, while the people who later became known as the Ostrogoths had remained on the steppe as vassals of the Huns and had adopted some of the Hun customs, including artificial cranial deformation (ACD).

In an upcoming post I'll discuss this in more detail, but some fo the Fonyod villagers had genomes that were consistent with Ostrogoths, and one woman had a genome that looks to me to have probably been Hun (the paper from the study of Fonyod and three other nearby ancient communities didn't venture a guess as to the identity of any of these individuals, so these are just my personal opinions). The identity of Fonyod 9 is more enigmatic, and the reference populations the team used threw more shade on the issue than light, in my opinion.

However, from other studies that I'll detail in my future post, the genome of Fonyod 9 looks to be Mycenaean-like, meaning that it was similar to the genomes of the Mycenaean Greeks who lived from about 1700-1200 BC. Two of the earliest of the E-V13 men, who were among the Kapitan Andreevo (Bulgaria) individuals 1100-500 BC, also had Mycenaean-like DNA. Thus, this genome was persistent in at least some of the E-V13 individuals over at least nearly a thousand years (500 BC-450 AD), and thus it probably indicates that this was the genome of the core E-V13 population at that time, which likely means that population was either Greek, Macedonian or Thracian (Bulgarian).

But this doesn't solve the myster of Fonyod 9's presence within the Ostrogoth community. The paper hints at the possibility that the “Mediterranean” individuals in these villages (including E-S2979 Hacs 21 and E-Z5018 Hacs 22) were Roman soliders who had remianed in the vicinity after the withdrawal of the Roman population, but I think that given his genome and the locations of other matches that the answer is something more intersting. I think it's more likely that Fonyod 9 (actually, his parents) might have been part of the Greek colonist population located on the northern shore of the Black Sea, specificially on or near the Crimean Peninsula. These populations were successively dominated by the Goths and Huns, and even before this some of the E-V13 men located there may have beome part of nomad populations, which could explain E-V13 Scythian 197 (scy197), who obviously was a Scythian. But Fonyod 9's parents appear to have had an unbroken Gree-like ancestry, but then for whatever reason were swept up in the Hun/Goth migration into Pannonia.

That's only my opinion, but I've spent a lot of time thinking about this, and it appears to fit the best with what facts are currently available, including a strong ancient presence of E-V13 in Ukraine and Russia.

Czech Connections

Whatever the background of Fonyod 9, his parents (or at least his mother) obviously lived in the region south of Lake Balaton at around the time the MRCA of the Swaim/den Hartog and the new “Solc” Czech match. This doesn't mean that the parents of Fonyod 9 were the ancestors of the Swaim/den Hartog line and the Solc Czech line, and in fact they could not have been because Fonyod 9 is not a direct ancestor of the Swaim/den Hartog line as he's in a different haplogroup.

However, the only thus-far known ancient E-FGC11450 men were buried within the lands that later comprised the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. This began with Fonyod 8 from as early as 433 AD to Szekefehervar 53 from as late perhaps as 1300 or 1400 AD. Thus, there's a very good chance that the then-living Swaim/den Hartog paternal ancestor also lived in Hungary. This is now bolstered by the presence of the Czech match with an MRCA of 450 AD, especially as his ancestors lieved in what is now the Czech Republic, which is quite close to Hungary and easy to reach via the Danube. If the then-living Swaim/den Hartog ancestor had been a Roman soldier who had earlier migrated to Germany or the Netherlands, or had later migrated with the Goths into Italy (as perhaps Prati's ancestors had), then it's less likely that the Solc Czech ancestors would have ended up in nearby Czechia. It is of course still possible, but just slightly less likely.

There is also the match LIB11 from Libiva, Czechia, 400-500 AD, again exactly within the time range of the MRCA of the living Czech match and the Swaim/den Hartog line. LIB11 was in haplogroup E-S2979, which is closely related to E-FGC11450. The genome of LIB11, however, was not Mycenaean like that of Fonyod 9, as it had a much larger amounts of both Yamnaya (48%) and WHG (12%) ancestries than did Fonyod 9. However, he did have trace Anatolia Tepecif-Ciftlik ancestry, probably a vestiage of the Mycenaean-like ancestry (Tepecik-Ciftlic was the predominant ancestry of Fonyod 9).

E-FGC11450 Pusposladanay PLE23 from Hungary 950-1000 AD had IBD ancestry from Czechia:

I14172 Czechia 4300-3500 BC

I17251 Czechia 4000 BC

TRM006 Czechia 2700 BC

I13799 Czechia (Prague) 1300-900 BC

E-S2979 Tiszanana TCS18 from Hungary 975-1000 AD had four IBD matches from Czechia:

CAH010 Czechia 2350 BC

VLI023 Czechia 2200 BC

VLI050 Czechia 1850 BC

I14794 Prague 1300-900 BC

These matches don't necessarily mean that the E-V13 line ancestors of PLE23 or TCS18 had ever lived in the Czech Republic, however. The autosome of a member of a Y chromosome line all come from the female individuals who married into that line, and these IBD matches may have come from women whose ancestors had recently come recently from Czechia. Both of these men lived approximately the same time, and lived only 55 miles from each others, so a large or small immigration to the region from Czechia. Slovakia was part of the Hungarian-controlled lands from the early 900's, so there was a good deal of contact between the two regions.

But also IBD matches can be from thousands of years in the past. PLE23 was also an IBD match to HAN002, an R1a individual from Khanevo near Moscow Russia 2861-2492 BC, part of the Khanevo/Fatynovo culture that “developed on the northeastern edge of the Middle Dneiper [Dnipro] culture around 2900 BC, probably as a result of a mass migration of Corded Ware peoples from Central Europe.” (Wikipedia “Fatynovo-Balanovo culture”). As I'll discuss in a future post, I believe that the E-V13 line at this time possibly dwelled in the North/West Pontic region, The Dnieper/Dnipro river flows through Russia and Ukraine to the Dnieper Delta at Kherson north of the Crimean Peninsula tiont the Black Sea. Thus, PLE23's ancient Czech ancestry could have been acquired during his paternal line's (hypothetical) residence in the Pontic region rather than any E-V13 ancestry in Czechia.

(I hypothesize that the E-V13 lines later migrated (around 2500 BC) into the southern Balkans and Greece, as part of the population that brought Yamnaya ancestry along with E-V13 into Greece and the Balkans; it's around this time that the E-V13 population began to rapidly expand)

Whatever the true history of E-V13, we know that at least a few E-V13 men lived in Czechia from at elast 500 BC, beginning with Komarno I14465. I14465 lived between 650-500 AD, and is possibly the oldest known of the E-V13 ancient men, if the E-V13 Kapitan Andreevo men lived at the more recent end of their estimated time range of 1100-500 BC.

Komarno is located just across the Danube from Hungary and Komarno I14465 lived in the Verkerzug culture which is often considered to have been influenced by Scythians, at least in part because of the Scythian-style tripple-edged arrowheads found there. However, in a paper discussing this, the authors wrote “Yet, these arrowheads did not have to be made by Scythian people, because in the mixed Verkerzug culture these arrowheads are a local Carpathian product. They were also used in Greek colonies in the Black Sea region and in many places in the Mediterranean, rarely in Central Europe....Nevertheless, Bohemia can be labeled as an area of sporadic presence of triple-edged arrowheads. We can say it is somehow in the middle between Scythian-nomadic and Gree-Eurasian appearance of them.” (Bartik et al (2017) “The Verkerzug and other Eastern cultures in the Czech Republic” The_Vekerzug_and_other_Eastern_cultures_in_the_Cze (1).pdf ) Also, “ Generaly, Scythians (or “Scythians”) and cooperating ethnicities with them were in contact with the Greeks for a long time, and also with the developed state formations in Asia.” (ibid)

Scythian 197 from Moldova was E-1057 (E--CTS8814), the same haplogroup as Prague I16272, and lived around the same time of 400-150 BC. These earlies of the E-V13 men, including the Kapitan Andreevo men, had a definite connection to steppe haplogroups and many of the early E-V13 men also had Greek-like ancestral profile. Given the conjunction of these two cultures, Greek and stepped nomadic, which is definitely found in the first E-FGC11450 man Fonyod 9, the logical conclusion is that the early E-V13 lines were located in the Pontic Steppe north and west of the Black Sea.

This is strongly suggested by the probable presence in the Iron Age of two E-V13 men buried in the Greek colony of Chersonesus in Crimea (different from the the Cherson at the mouth of the Dnieper). These are:

CGG024173 E-V13 Mycenaean-like/steppe admixture

CGG024175 E-BY3880 Mycenaean-like

My information on these men comes from exploreyourdna.com, which maintains a database of ancient genomes and includes G25 genetic profiles for both of these men. I don't know where this information ultimately comes from (its publication is conceivably delayed due to the current Russia-Ukraine war), but there's no reason to believe this information is false. If it is proven that these men were E-V13 and from the Iron Age Greek colony of Chersonesus, this is very strong evidence that E-V13 were associated with the Black sea Greek colonies at this time, and earlier from Greece itself. The only date information is that these men were from the Iron Age, which we can consider to have been around from 1100-500 BC, or the same date range as the Kapitan Andreevo men. These may therefore be the earliest of the E-V13 men.

Another of the Iron Age men from Chersonesus was in haplogroup R1a-Z93, which was a large steppe haplogroup to which also belonged one of the Kapitan Andreevo men, men in Avar-era Hungary, and the Arpad royal line from Hungary.

E-FT388527

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The common ancestor of the line of Willem Ottens (~1440 Land of Arkel) and of the Solc Czech line lived around 450 AD. Before 450 AD the the Solc and Swai/den Hartog lines were the same line.

Although I've shown 2 E-V13 ancient Czech matches and 8 ancient Czech IBD matches to E-FGC11450 PLE23 and E-S2979 TCS18, it seems unlikely that the E-V13 ancestors of this Solc/Swaim-den Hartog line had resided anciently in Czechia.

The two early E-V13 ancient men from Czechia had likely either themselves or their recent ancestors wandered to Czechia from the Pontic Steppe, as there is no eivdence the E-V13 line was located more anciently in Czechia. The even more ancient Czech IBD matches are likelyfrom more recent connections to females with distant Czech ancestry.

Fonyod 9 lived at essentially the same time as the MRCA of the Solc and Swaim/den Hartog lines. Fonyod 9 was not the MRCA of the tw0 lines because he belonged to a differenct downstream branch of E-FGC11450, but it's likely that at this early time most or all of the E-FGC11450 lines had lived in the same general location, very likely one of the Greek colonies on the Pontic Steppe, possibly Chersonesus. Fonyod 9 had a Greek-like genome. It's likely that the Solc/Swaim-den Hartog MRCA also lived on either the Pontic Steppe or newly in Pannonia. The MRCA had at least 2 sons, one of them the progenitor of the Swaim/den Hart0g line and the other the progenitor of the Solc Czech line.

From this information we can't determine the history of the Swaim/den Hart0g line after it's split from the Solc line, but because the Solc line ended up in Czechia and not in the Rhine region, it sppears more likely that the Swaim/den Hartog line did not ende up in Holland through the agency of the Roman Army. Rather, the line at this time was, like Fonyod 9, probably located in Hungary in 450 AD. At this point in time the Roman Empire was collapsing in this region and its unlikely the Swaim/den Hart0g ancestors had ever been in the Roman army. All the known E-FGC11450 ancient men lived within the regions later comprising the Kingdom of Hungary, and this is liekly where the Swaim/den Hart0g line had lived for hundreds of years after 450 AD.

How the line got from Hungary to Holland is another question, but given the high amount of Scandinavian ancestry found in my Dutch DNA matches, which I've previously noted, and given the proximity of the Land of Arkel to the trading port of Dorestad, controlled in the 800's by Vikings, and/or of the Viking presence in Swalmen in Limburg in the 800's, my guess at this time is that the line had moved durin the end of the Avar era in Hungary to Denmark, and from there to the Netherlands. This, however, is based on very tenuous evidence and is only requires much more evidence to prove.

In my future posts I'll expand on all of this in much more detail.